Tear tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease: The effect of deep brain stimulation
Objective: To evaluate tear tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in samples of two Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients treated with subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation…Neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra is triggered by synucleinopathy and precedes nigral degeneration
Objective: To determine the relationship between synucleinopathy, neuroinflammation and nigrostriatal degeneration using the rat α-syn PFF model. Background: No therapy exists to halt or slow…Impacts of CSF kynurenine pathway on neuroinflammaion in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Objective: To investigate the interaction between the KYN pathway and the neuroinflammation in PD. Background: In Parkinson's disease (PD), some pathologic mechanisms are reported such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. Inflammatory cytokines are noticed as one of an important mediator of inflammatory reaction in the central nervous system (CNS). Kynurenine (KYN) pathway is also known to play an important role for degradation of oxidative stress in the CNS. Disproportion of KYN pathway can act neurotoxically and induce several neurological diseases including PD. In metabolites produced from this pathway, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid are as neurotoxic and kynurenic acid (KYNA) is neuroprotective. Methods: We could recruited 20 patients with PD (age; 57-80 y, median; 69.5 y) and 13 controls (age; 23-83 y, median; 75.0 y). Clinical severity was evaluated with Hoehn and Yahr staging.Samples of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained between 9:00 and 10:00AM after overnight bed-rest and before breakfast in PD patients. Control CSF were corrected from normal pregnant women on their lumbar anesthesia ante partum who had no neurologically abnormal condition confirmed by neurological examination and neuroimagings in advance. All CSF samples were promptly cryopreserved in a deep freezer (-80 ℃).CSF levels of KYN or 3-HK were measured using with the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the electrochemical detector. CSF levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ were also measures using with an ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed and the significance level was set at p<0.05.This study was carried out after approval in our university ethical review board and written informed consents from all participants. Results: CSF levels of KYN in PD and control were 22.6 to 90.3 nM (median; 49.0 nM) and 9.5 to 51.4 nM (30.5 nM), respectively. CFS levels of 3-HK were 0.2 to 13.3 nM (4.25 nM) and 0.001 to 3.96 nM (1.55 nM), respectively. These were significantly higher in PD than in control (p<0.05). These were still statistically significant after normalization to CSF levels of triptophan（p<0.05).There was a positive correlation between the CSF levels of 3-HK and TNF-α (r=0.54,p=0.055). Conclusions: We could suggest that elevated CSF levels of KYN and 3-HK and positive correlation between 3-HK and TNF-α in patients with PD is associated with neuroinflammation in the CNS.Anti-synuclein alpha antibodies and IL-1β at Parkinson Disease (PD).
Objective: Determine a correlation between the levels of anti-synuclein alpha antibodies and IL-1β at serum and CSF of patients with PD. Background: PD is a…Effectiveness and micro-electrodes findings of deep brain stimulation of the STN via a parietal approach in post-infectious previously implanted Parkinson´s patients
Objective: To report our experience with an alternative entry point to access STN in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its micro-electrodes findings. Background:…The effects of viral priming on neurotoxin induced neurodegeneration and synapse dysfunction in cell culture models relevant to Parkinson’s disease
Objective: To investigate the effects of viral innate immune activation on neurodegeneration and synaptic protein expression in dopaminergic (DA)-like neurons following treatment with Parkinson's disease…Treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced parkinsonism
Objective: This single case report of levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, caused by an accidental systemic contamination with 10 microgram lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Salmonella minnesota, describes the treatment…DJ-1 regulates intracellular signaling in a highly cell type specific manner
Objective: To evaluate a cell type specific action of DJ-1, a PD and cancer associated gene, in intracellular signaling pathways. Background: Understanding the pathophysiology of…Targeting TLR4 for disease modification in multiple system atrophy: Experimental evidence
Objective: To assess the efficacy of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) agonists to ameliorate the functional and neuropathological phenotype of a transgenic mouse model of multiple system…Lrrk2 alleles modify host response to microbial infections
Objective: The mechanisms by which allelic changes in LRRK2 modulate the susceptibility to Parkinson's disease, Crohn's disease and leprosy remain unknown. We hypothesized that leucine-rich…
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