Role of microglia in the transmission of α-syn-containing exosomes
Objective: we investigated the role of microglia in the transmission of α-syn-containing exosomes and offer a new insight into the mechanism of PD pathogenesis. Background:…B lymphocytes may be protective in early Parkinson’s disease and in an animal model of dopaminergic cell death
Objective: To investigate B lymphocyte phenotype and function in human PD and in an animal model of disease. Background: The clinical course in Parkinson’s disease…Pharmacological modulation of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase activity in the Thy1-aSYN mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Objective: To study the pharmacological modulation of glucocerebrosidase activity in the Thy1-aSYN mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Background: PD is a complex neurodegenerative disorder…Expression of OX40 and OX40 serum level in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Objective: Study the expression of OX40 gene and its serum levels could be measured to predict and confirm diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and help develop new…Expanding the spectrum of Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizures
Objective: A 71 years old Italian man presented progressive dysarthria and involuntary movements. Background: Within two months he developed dysarthria, progressive homolateral oromandibular and arm dystonic posture, knee…A PSP-like phenotype accompanies rapidly progressive dementia
Objective: We describe a patient with a progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)-like phenotype and a rapidly progressive dementia, who was found to have an unknown CSF…Tear tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease: The effect of deep brain stimulation
Objective: To evaluate tear tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in samples of two Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients treated with subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation…Neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra is triggered by synucleinopathy and precedes nigral degeneration
Objective: To determine the relationship between synucleinopathy, neuroinflammation and nigrostriatal degeneration using the rat α-syn PFF model. Background: No therapy exists to halt or slow…Impacts of CSF kynurenine pathway on neuroinflammaion in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Objective: To investigate the interaction between the KYN pathway and the neuroinflammation in PD. Background: In Parkinson's disease (PD), some pathologic mechanisms are reported such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. Inflammatory cytokines are noticed as one of an important mediator of inflammatory reaction in the central nervous system (CNS). Kynurenine (KYN) pathway is also known to play an important role for degradation of oxidative stress in the CNS. Disproportion of KYN pathway can act neurotoxically and induce several neurological diseases including PD. In metabolites produced from this pathway, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid are as neurotoxic and kynurenic acid (KYNA) is neuroprotective. Methods: We could recruited 20 patients with PD (age; 57-80 y, median; 69.5 y) and 13 controls (age; 23-83 y, median; 75.0 y). Clinical severity was evaluated with Hoehn and Yahr staging.Samples of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained between 9:00 and 10:00AM after overnight bed-rest and before breakfast in PD patients. Control CSF were corrected from normal pregnant women on their lumbar anesthesia ante partum who had no neurologically abnormal condition confirmed by neurological examination and neuroimagings in advance. All CSF samples were promptly cryopreserved in a deep freezer (-80 ℃).CSF levels of KYN or 3-HK were measured using with the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the electrochemical detector. CSF levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ were also measures using with an ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed and the significance level was set at p<0.05.This study was carried out after approval in our university ethical review board and written informed consents from all participants. Results: CSF levels of KYN in PD and control were 22.6 to 90.3 nM (median; 49.0 nM) and 9.5 to 51.4 nM (30.5 nM), respectively. CFS levels of 3-HK were 0.2 to 13.3 nM (4.25 nM) and 0.001 to 3.96 nM (1.55 nM), respectively. These were significantly higher in PD than in control (p<0.05). These were still statistically significant after normalization to CSF levels of triptophan（p<0.05).There was a positive correlation between the CSF levels of 3-HK and TNF-α (r=0.54,p=0.055). Conclusions: We could suggest that elevated CSF levels of KYN and 3-HK and positive correlation between 3-HK and TNF-α in patients with PD is associated with neuroinflammation in the CNS.Anti-synuclein alpha antibodies and IL-1β at Parkinson Disease (PD).
Objective: Determine a correlation between the levels of anti-synuclein alpha antibodies and IL-1β at serum and CSF of patients with PD. Background: PD is a…
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