Estimation of Tardive Dyskinesia Incidence and Prevalence in the United States
Objective: To estimate the current and expected epidemiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in the United States (US), stratified by level of severity. Background: TD is…Parkinson’s disease and comorbidity: A US national perspective
Objective: To study comorbidities in Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the US. Background: PD is a chronic multisystem progressive neurodegenerative disease. Understanding patient comorbidities is important…Variations in ANO3 gene in patients with cervical dystonia
Objective: The aim of our study was to establish prevalence of variants in the gene for anoctamin 3 (ANO3) in a population of patients with…Predictors for psychosis in Huntington’s disease: preliminary analysis of the Enroll-HD database.
Objective: To evaluate predictors for psychosis in HD. Background: Behavioral problems are present across all stages of HD, even preceding the development of the motor…Gait Analysis in Patients with Huntington’s Disease
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the temporospatial gait parameters in patients with HD in comparison with healthy control. Background: Gait disturbance…Factors Influencing Completion of Predictive Testing for Huntington’s Disease (HD)
Objective: To determine if the new simplified testing protocol led to an increase in completion rate of predictive testing for HD, and to study some…The novel Parkinson´s disease locus RIT2 and alpha-synuclein function in intersecting pathways
Objective: We aim to describe the molecular pathways at the crossroad of etiology and susceptibility in PD, focusing on Rin, coded by the recently associated…The effects of dual task on the finger tapping performance of Parkinson’s disease.
Objective: In the present study, we aim to analyze the effects of a dual task on repetitive finger tapping (FT) performance in patients with Parkinson’s…Impacts of CSF kynurenine pathway on neuroinflammaion in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Objective: To investigate the interaction between the KYN pathway and the neuroinflammation in PD. Background: In Parkinson's disease (PD), some pathologic mechanisms are reported such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. Inflammatory cytokines are noticed as one of an important mediator of inflammatory reaction in the central nervous system (CNS). Kynurenine (KYN) pathway is also known to play an important role for degradation of oxidative stress in the CNS. Disproportion of KYN pathway can act neurotoxically and induce several neurological diseases including PD. In metabolites produced from this pathway, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid are as neurotoxic and kynurenic acid (KYNA) is neuroprotective. Methods: We could recruited 20 patients with PD (age; 57-80 y, median; 69.5 y) and 13 controls (age; 23-83 y, median; 75.0 y). Clinical severity was evaluated with Hoehn and Yahr staging.Samples of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained between 9:00 and 10:00AM after overnight bed-rest and before breakfast in PD patients. Control CSF were corrected from normal pregnant women on their lumbar anesthesia ante partum who had no neurologically abnormal condition confirmed by neurological examination and neuroimagings in advance. All CSF samples were promptly cryopreserved in a deep freezer (-80 ℃).CSF levels of KYN or 3-HK were measured using with the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the electrochemical detector. CSF levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ were also measures using with an ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed and the significance level was set at p<0.05.This study was carried out after approval in our university ethical review board and written informed consents from all participants. Results: CSF levels of KYN in PD and control were 22.6 to 90.3 nM (median; 49.0 nM) and 9.5 to 51.4 nM (30.5 nM), respectively. CFS levels of 3-HK were 0.2 to 13.3 nM (4.25 nM) and 0.001 to 3.96 nM (1.55 nM), respectively. These were significantly higher in PD than in control (p<0.05). These were still statistically significant after normalization to CSF levels of triptophan（p<0.05).There was a positive correlation between the CSF levels of 3-HK and TNF-α (r=0.54,p=0.055). Conclusions: We could suggest that elevated CSF levels of KYN and 3-HK and positive correlation between 3-HK and TNF-α in patients with PD is associated with neuroinflammation in the CNS.Listen to your heart: ordinal pattern statistics reveal altered cardiac rhythm dynamics in LRRK2-nonmanifesting carriers
Objective: To assess the complexity of heart rate variability (HRV) dynamics in LRRK2-nonmanifesting carriers compared to healthy individuals. Background: Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is an early…
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