Objective: To study the effect of chronic restraint stress and moderate motor deficit on the ultrastructure of central and lateral amygdalar nuclei, hippocampal CA1 and CA3, caudate nucleus and neocortical motor area of rat brain

Background: The ability of chronically limited motor activity to produce alterations on the functioning of the central nervous system has been studied extensively [1-2]. However, many aspects need further elucidation. Relatively numerous studies have examined the impact of motor deficit on behavior and brain chemistry [3-4], while the effect of motor limitations on brain structure have described only in a few studies [5-7]. Besides, the biggest part of investigations has been focused on chronic restraint stress, while the consequences of moderate forms of motor deficit are not well known [8-10]. Various pathological conditions alter fine structure of the brain. The advances of molecular medicine demand the knowledge of such alterations. Transmission electron microscope is the powerful technique allowed the elucidation of the structure of neuron at nanometer resolution.

Methods: Chronic Motor Deficit – Adult Wistar rats were separately subjected to 40 d restriction of motor activity for 8 hours/day in wire grids of 10″×9″ fitted with a Perspex plate of 9″×6.5″. In blood plasma of these rats corticosteron level (measured with ELISA kit) was elevated. Mild Motor Deficit – Young adult Wistar rats were separately subjected to 40 d restriction of motor activity in mesh cage of 15″×12″ for 4 h /day. The construction of cage provided the possibility to increase the values in X and the values in Y in parallel with the increase of the size of animal. In these rats plasma corticosterone level was normal.

Results: – Both motor deficits affect the ultrastructure of limbic and extrapyramidal regions. – Restraint stress produces more significant pathological changes. They are particularly numerous in the central amygdalar nucleus, then – in other limbic areas. – Moderate motor deficit produces mainly superficial alterations that are mostly concentrated in caudate nucleus. – In both cases motor cortex retains almost normal structure.

Conclusions: Moderate motor deficit does not alter significantly the fine structure of brain. More substantial alterations should produce stress, which accompanies severe forms of motor deficit.

References: 1. Faraji J, Soltanpour N, Moeeini R, Hosseini SA, Pakdel S, Moharrerie A, Arjang K, Soltanpour N, Metz GA. Regional vulnerability of the hippocampus to repeated motor activity deprivation. Behav Brain Res. 2016; 301: 178-189. 2. Wolf ME, Capelle HH, Bazner H, Hennerici MG, Krauss JK, Blahak C. Hypokinetic gait changes induced by bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation for segmental dystonia. Gait Posture 2016; 49: 358-363. 3. Janqra A, Sriram CS, Dwivedi S, Gurjar SS, Hussain MI., Borah P, Lahkar M. Sodium phenylbutyrate and edaravone abrogate chronic restraint stress-induced behavioral deficits: implication of oxido-nitrosative, endoplasmic reticulum stress cascade, and neuroinflammation. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2017; 37: 65-81. 4. Rowson SA, Harrell CS, Bekhbat M, Gangavelli A, Wu MJ, Kelly SD, Reddy R, Neigh GN. Neuroinflammation and behavior in HIV-1 transgenic rats exposed to chronic adolescent stress. Front Psychiatry. 2016; Jun 20; 7:102. doi: 0.3389/fpsyt.2016.00102. eCollection 2016. 5. Bennett MR, Lagopoulos J. Stress and trauma: BDNF control of dendritic-spine formation and regression. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 112: 80-99. 6. Delgado y Palacios R, Verhoye M, Henningsen K, Wiborg O, Van der Linden A. Diffusion kurtosis imaging and high-resolution MRI demonstrate structural aberrations of caudate putamen and amygdala after chronic mild stress. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e95077. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095077. eCollection 2014. 7. Zhvania MG, Japaridze NJ, Qsovreli M. The Neuronal Porosome Complex in Mammalian Brain: A Study Using Electron Microscopy. In: Jena B, Taatjy A. (Eds.), NanoCell Biology. Multimodal Imaging in Biology and Medicine. Pan Stanford Publishing, Singapore; 2014: 38-62. 8. Bali A, Jaggi AS. Differential role of angiotensin neuropeptides in repeated exposure of immobilization stress of varying duration in mice. Life Sci. 2015; 141: 90-98. 9. Lee MJ, Kim SL, Lyoo CH. Rinne JO, Lee MS. Impact of regional striatal dopaminergic function on kinematic parameters of Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm. (Vienna) 2015; 122: 669-677. 10. Sadeghi M, Radahmadi M. Reisi P. Effects of repeated treatment with cholecystokinin sulfated octapeptide on passive avoidance memory under chronic restraint stress in male rats. Adv Biomed Res. 2015; Jul 27; 4:150. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.161577. eCollection 2015.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/the-ultrastructural-study-of-the-effects-of-different-types-of-chronic-motor-deficit-on-the-morphology-of-limbic-extrapyramidal-and-neocortical-regions-of-rat-brain/