Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of leptin on pathogenesis
in patients with Alzheimer type Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment to reveal
the effects on memory and cognition and learning, and to use it as a biomarker for
disease follow-up.

Background: Leptin plays an active role in neuronal synaptic functions, glial maturation and hippocampal cell proliferation. Leptin slows down the amyloidogenic pathway, reduces beta secretase enzyme activity and tau phosphorylation (shown in figure 1) Recent studies show that leptin has positive effects on cognition and learning.Through this molecular neurobiological information, it is important to determine the clinical effects of leptin hormone in Alzheimer’s and MCİ patients.

Method: 23 Alzheimer type Dementia, 30 MCI patients who
admitted to the Dementia outpatient clinic and 27 healthy individuals whom
cognitive status were normal and who admitted to the Neurology outpatient clinic
were evaluated at our hospital. Detailed anamnesis of all participants was questioned and
neurological examinations were performed. MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) was applied to determine
cognitive status. The presence of diabetes, psychosis and malignancy were excluded.
Blood collected from patients and healthy people were delivered to the biochemistry
laboratory . Leptin hormone levels were
determined by ELISA method.

Results: 25 healthy individuals, 27 MCI and 23 Alzheimer  patients
were included in the study. All participants’ ages were over 60. 41 were female and 34 were male. Mini Mental
test was performed according to the educational status. 49 participants’ educational
level were under high school, 26 participants’ were high school and above. % 36 of
individuals had MCI, %21.3 had early stage and 9.3%  had middle stage Alzheimers
disease. In the study, the mean leptin level was 10.18 ng / ml in the healthy group,
14.77 ng / ml in the MCI group and 10.22 ng / ml in the Alzheimer group (shown in figure 2).There was
no significant difference between Alzheimer and control group about mean leptin
level. MCI group leptin average was significantly higher than Alzheimer group leptin
average.

Conclusion: Investigating leptin levels in patients with Alzheimer and Mild
Cognitive Disorder is important. Understanding the role of leptin in
neurodegeneration and its relationship with learning and cognitif status may
contribute to the follow-up of the disease.

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