Objective: To highlight the efficiency of using microglia-derived exosomes (MDEs) in cross-talk with the BPB technique for the early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD)

Background: Current diagnostic choices for PD mainly depend on the presence of late motor symptoms; where over 80 percent of dopaminergic neurons cells’ may have been damaged. Nonmotor-related findings manifest in PD a long time before motor symptoms. Microglia are the central neuroimmune cells-type of the CNS and found to be present in homeostatic M1-M2 balance. In PD, the M1 phenotype becomes activated with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Additionally, microglia were found to induce the secretion of extracellular vesicles populations including exosomes involved in intercellular communication. Brain waves and brain structural changes were detected to be altered during PD progression and it would be beneficial to compromise a technique where these alterations can be detected. Brain Printing Biometrics (BPB) is a precise, non-invasive technique utilizing a computerized-interconnected mapping system with sMRI and EEG for detecting structural and frequency alterations ⁽¹⁾.

Method: Male wistar rats were divided into (GI) control group and (GII) Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) PD-induced group (a single dose of LPS was directly injected into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc)). After twenty days, behavior tests were conducted followed by dividing each group into two subgroups. (GIa &GIIa): rat’s microglia yield was isolated from the brain and CSF of each rat. Isolated microglia were incubated in exosomes-depleted medium followed by size exclusion chromatography column for exosomes isolation. (GIb &GIIb): each rat was subjected to the designed BPB technique. Isolated MDEs were analyzed for various biological assessments including α-synuclein, TLR-4, PAI-1, YKL-40, VILIP-1, FAM19A3, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-37. Brain fixation was conducted for immunohistochemistry.

Results: Significant alterations in BPB findings in addition to an elevated increase in examined biological parameters were observed in the PD-induced group with more relevant findings from MDEs brain type than CSF.

Conclusion: Emerging findings suggested the efficiency of using MDEs associated with the BPB technique as a novel early diagnostic approach for PD.

References: 1-Anwar MM. 2021. Brain-printing biometrics underlying mechanism as an early diagnostic technique for Alzheimer’s disease neurodegenerative type. Current Research in Physiology. 4:216-222.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/the-cross-talk-between-microglia-derived-exosomes-and-brain-printing-biometrics-as-a-diagnostic-approach-for-parkinsons-disease-prior-to-motor-symptoms-implications/