Objective: Evaluation of prodromal stage biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease and their role in disease progression

Background: From a pathophysiological point of view, PD is characterized by a decrease in the inhibitory effect of pallidum on the striatum, which leads to “inhibition of inhibition” of peripheral motor neurons

Method: 213 patients with PD were under observation, including 90 (42.25%) women, and 123 (57.75%) men, whose average age was 46.17±0.63 years, predominantly of Uzbek nationality.  Patients with PD were selected in accordance with the international criteria of the British brain bank “Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank”.   Olfactory disturbances were studied using the Sniffin Stix Test (SST) by Burchard (Hamburg, Germany).  All patients underwent an examination of the ENT organs.

Results: We analyzed the relationship between the subjective and objective assessment of the level of smell and the duration of the disease.  With a duration of the disease <3 years 104 (48.83%), with men 59 (56.73%) and women 45 (43.27%), the number of people who noted a decrease in smell was 8 (7.69%) people, with a duration of PD up to 6 years – 51 (23.94%) patients, men 29 (56.86%), and women 22 (43.14%), with a duration of PD up to 7 years – 31 (14.55%) patients,  18 (58.06%p=0,01) men and 13 (41.94%, p=0,05) women, with PD duration up to 8 years – 27 (12.68%) patients, 16 (59.26%p=0,01) men, and 11 (40,  74%,p=0,001).  18 (9.73%) patients noted a violation of smell before the appearance of motor disorders characteristic of PD. The results of olfactory tests in women are better, i.e. there are gender differences.  In women, the average OIS score was 22.66±4.12;  in men, the average OIS score was 16.58±2.78.  According to the threshold, the average score for women was 3.03±1.54, for men – 1.86±2.18;  on discrimination, the average score for women is 10.0±3.03, for men – 7.58±2.60;  by identification, the average score for women was 9.79±4.01, for men – 7.14±5.16.

Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that vestibular disorders detected in PD patients are a significant additional clinical manifestation of the disease, along with well-known motor and non-motor symptoms.  To date, there is reason to consider the presence of hyposmia in patients with early onset PD as an important biomarker of the latent neurodegenerative process of the “Parkinsonian” type and, therefore, the risk of future development of PD.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/prodromal-stage-early-biomarkers-in-parkinsons-disease-and-parkinsonism-in-uzbek-nationality/