Objective: The aim of the study is to identify common mistakes in MoCA in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in Kyrgyzstan.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor symptom of PD that affects patients’ lives. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is one of the routinely used instruments for indication of PD dementia and mild cognitive impairment. There were no studies conducted on MoCA common mistakes among PD patients in Central Asia before.

Method: 54 PD patients were screened for cognitive impairment during their visits to the movement disorder clinic in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, during the 2020–2022 period. All tests were performed by two MoCA-certified specialists using paper-based format.

Results: The mean age of patients was 68,69 (±7,3). 61% of patients had higher education and 39% – secondary education. The data is provided in [table1].
In trail making part, 44% of patients made mistakes, where 37,5% were in continuous parts. 41% of participants drew extra lines, some of them were not counted as errors, since patients struck them out immediately. In cube coping task 61,1% of patients made mistakes.
30,8% of PD patients successfully completed the clock drawing task (CDT) and had all 3 points, 40,4% – 2 points, 23,1% – 1 point, 5,8% couldn’t complete the task at all. In detail, 5,8% of patients couldn’t draw correct contour, 40,4% of them had problems with numbers and 57,7% couldn’t set the time right. Some CDT errors are demonstrated in [figure1].
The naming task was generally well-completed, most errors were associated with naming rhino (18,5%). The attention part was fully completed by 53,7% of participants. There was decreasing tendency of correct answers in serial subtracting task shown in [figure2]. In abstraction part watch-ruler category had more errors (in 37% cases).
14,8% patients were able to recall all 5 words, 20,4% – 4 words, 13,0% – 3, 5,6% – 2, 13,5% – 1, 31,5% – couldn’t remember any word. In Delayed Recall Task, patients made approximately the same number of mistakes (46,3% – 59,3%). Memory Index Score (MIS) was performed for 31 out of 54 PD patients, where the lowest MIS score was 5(6,5%).  All MoCA test mistakes are presented in [table2].

Conclusion: PD patients in Kyrgyzstan had the most mistakes in the Language, Delayed Recall and Visiospatial/ Executive parts. There was a minor portion of mistakes in Naming and Orientation Tasks. Attention and Abstraction parts had average mistake rate.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/common-mistakes-in-the-moca-test-in-patients-with-parkinsons-disease-in-kyrgyzstan/