Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if there were different risk and protective factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD) based on subethnicity in South Sumatera, Indonesia.

Background: Patient visit reports from some hospitals in Sumatera Selatan showed a very low number of visits in 2019. However, one hospital in Ogan Komering Ilir district reported the patient visits for PD are higher than in another district. This study was purposed to distinguish whether specific subethnicities, especially the Ogan subethnicity, have different risk and protective factors for PD.

Method: We performed a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of 42 PD patients of Sumatera ethnicity. Subjects were categorized based on Ogan and non-Ogan subethnicity. Primary data was obtained by interviewing the patient or caregiver of PD, and secondary data was taken from medical records of PD patients in outpatient clinics of three hospitals in Palembang city. Variables that were collected included the protective factors of PD, such as history of consumption of ginger and curcumin, coffee, alcohol, anti-inflammation drugs, smoking, and tea, and the risk factors of PD, such as consumption of well water, milk and dairy products, chemical exposure, and living in a chemical environment. A chi-squared analysis was performed to analyze the difference between groups.

Results: 26 (62%) men and 16 (38%) women participated in this study. 16 (38%) participants were of the Ogan subethnicity, and 26 (62%) participants were of the non-Ogan subethnicity. The most protective factors of PD in this study were consumption of ginger/curcumin (67%), tea (43%), and coffee (38%), and the most risk factors were consumption of well water (45%) and milk and dairy products (33%). There was no significant difference in all protective factors for PD between the Ogan and non-Ogan subethnicities. However, this study showed the different risk factors for well water consumption among these subethnicities. The number of PD patients who consumed well water was higher in the Ogan subethnicity than the non-ogan subethnicity (p<0.05).

Conclusion: PD patients of the Ogan subethnicity in Sumatera, Indonesia, were more likely to have a risk factor for well water consumption than the PD patients of the non-Ogan subethnicity. This study suggests that different ethnicities could have different risk factors for Parkinson’s disease.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/specific-ethnicity-could-have-different-risk-factors-for-parkinsons-disease-a-descriptive-study/